ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-Responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)Printing Applications.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Exploring the role of 4D printing materials, techniques, and characteristics for personalized oncology.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Bioinstructive Orthogonally-crosslinked Ovoprotein Microgels for Modular Bioprinting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ROS-Responsive Hydrogel Loaded with Antimicrobial Peptides Accelerated Infected Wound Healing.ACS omega · 2026Article
- A toolbox for microvalve-based bioprinting.Biofabrication · 2026Article
- Smart microdevices for biomedical drug delivery: endogenous stimuli as the key to safer therapeutics.RSC advances · 2026Review
- 3D Printing of Air.Research square · 2025Article
- Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-Responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)Printing Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Microgels offer unique advantages over bulk hydrogels due to their improved diffusion limits for oxygen and nutrients. Particularly, stimuli-responsive microgels with inherently bioactive and self-supporting properties emerge as highly promising biomaterials. This study unveils the development of interparticle-crosslinked, self-supporting, ion-responsive microgels tailored for 3D and 4D (bio)printing applications. A novel strategy is proposed to develop microgels that enabled interparticle crosslinking, eliminating the need for filler hydrogels and preserving essential microscale void spaces to support cell migration and vascularization. Additionally, these microgels possessed unique, ion-responsive shrinking behavior primarily by the Hofmeister effect, reversible upon the removal of the stimulus. Fabricated microgel-based constructs supported angiogenesis with tunable vessel size based-on interstitial void spaces while demonstrating excellent shear-thinning, self-healing properties and high print fidelity. Various bioprinting techniques are employed and validated using these microgels, including extrusion-based, embedded, intraembedded, and aspiration-assisted bioprinting, facilitating the biofabrication of scalable constructs. Multi-material 4D printing is achieved by combining ion-responsive microgels with non-responsive microgels, enabling programmable shape transformations upon exposure to ionic solutions. Utilizing 4D printing, complex, dynamic structures are generated such as coiling filaments, grippers, and folding sheets, providing a foundation for the development of advanced tissue models and devices for regenerative medicine and soft-robotics, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.