ArticleJournal of separation science2025
A Membrane-Based Strategy for the High-Throughput Determination of Steroidal Hormones in Human Urine Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined With Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Diode Array Detector.
Article in Journal of separation science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Estrogen hormones are present in the human body at varying concentrations, either naturally or through ingestion. At regulated levels, these compounds perform vital functions in the body. However, elevated concentrations are related to deregulation of several processes, such as abnormal cell proliferation, which can lead to the development of cancer (breast and ovarian) and other diseases (endometriosis). In this work, an analytical methodology is proposed for the determination of 17β-estradiol (E1), estrone (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in human urine. Hollow fiber-microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) is used with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). This technique was associated with a 96-well plate system followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The optimized conditions consisted of using thymol and camphor (1:1 v/v) as extraction solvent; an extraction time of 100 min; acetonitrile as desorption solvent; a desorption time of 30 min; and a sample pH adjusted to 12. Limits of quantification (LOQs) of 25 ng mL
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