ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2025
Biomarkers of progressive multiple sclerosis decrease following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been increasingly used for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Existing data suggest that AHSCT might alter the natural course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and postpone or even prevent the occurrence of progressive MS. This study aimed to investigate whether three cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of progressive MS: Galectin-9, GDF-15, and YKL-40, were affected by treatment intervention with AHSCT for RRMS.
methodsRRMS patients treated with AHSCT at Uppsala University Hospital between 2011 and 2018 were considered for participation and included if CSF samples from baseline and at least one follow-up were available. CSF from healthy volunteers was included as controls. Galectin-9 and GDF-15 concentrations were determined with ELISA, and YKL-40 with electrochemiluminescence.
resultsThe final cohort comprised 45 RRMS patients and 32 controls. At baseline, MS patients had markedly higher CSF concentrations of Galectin-9 and YKL-40 and slightly higher GDF-15 than controls. Following AHSCT, biomarker concentrations decreased from baseline to the 1-year follow-up, with a median (IQR) of 454 (357-553) vs. 408 (328-495) pg/mL (P = 0.0002) for Galectin-9; 49 (38-79) vs. 45 (35 to 75) pg/mL (P = 0.012) for GDF-15, and 100 (54-164) vs. 58 (43-92) ng/mL (P < 0.0001) for YKL-40. Galectin-9 and YKL-40 concentrations decreased further and were even lower at the 2-year follow-up; median (IQR) 408 (328-495) vs. 376 (289-478) pg/mL (P = 0.0009) for Galectin-9; and 62 (37-96) vs. 56 (30-83) ng/mL (P < 0.0001) for YKL-40. Thereafter, the levels of all biomarkers were stable throughout the follow-up.
conclusionTreatment with AHSCT was associated with sustained reductions in biomarkers linked to progressive MS, indicating its potential not only to achieve lasting remission but also to delay or prevent transition to SPMS. However, additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate their long-term clinical significance.
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