ArticleScientific reports2025
Production and utilization of hydrogen enriched fifth generation biofuel in LTC engines with reformed EGR.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Experimental investigation of diffusion flames with different baffle-plate air-hole diameters.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- AI based optimization of injection pressure for hydrogen and spirogyra biodiesel dual fuel engine to enhance combustion performance and emission characteristics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sustainable Gossypium arboreum biodiesel production using an industrial waste heterogeneous catalyst for RCCI engine applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing global demand for cleaner energy solutions highlights the need to combine hydrogen with advanced biofuels for use in low-temperature combustion (LTC) engines. This study experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of an LTC engine fueled with six test fuels: Diesel, Citronella biofuel, three hydrogen-enriched blends (H20, H40, H60) and H40E (H40 + 10%R-EGR). Among the tested fuels, the H40 blend demonstrated the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), surpassing that of conventional diesel. Emission analysis showed notable reductions in hydrocarbons (HC) by 65%, carbon monoxide (CO) by 37%, carbon dioxide (CO₂) by 8%, NOx by 6%, and smoke opacity by 20.8% compared to diesel. Notably, H40E further lower NOx formation by 3% than H40 but HC and CO were higher by 2 to 5%. Combustion analysis revealed that hydrogen enhanced pre-mixed combustion, resulting in improved in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. The experimental results were validated using Sankey diagram visualization, confirming improved energy distribution. The findings indicate that hydrogen-enriched biofuels, particularly the H40 blend offer a promising pathway for cleaner and more efficient engine operation, supporting the global transition away from fossil fuels.
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