ArticleNature communications2025
Leveraging multinational enterprises to reduce the escalating regional carbon inequality in China.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chinese provinces-embedded inter-country input-output datasets with firm ownership heterogeneity.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Multi-regional Input-output Dataset for the UK from 2017 to 2022.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Digital supply, use, and input-output tables for China from 2000 to 2020.Scientific data · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multinational enterprises (MNEs) affect regional inequality as they exert substantial yet uneven economic and environmental effects. This study evaluates the impacts of MNEs on China's regional carbon emission inequality against value-added gains using an environmentally extended interprovincial input-output model that differentiates MNEs activities across China's provincial-level administrative divisions. We find that MNEs predominantly concentrated in developed coastal regions from 1997-2012, while less developed inland regions accounted for less than 30% of MNEs-generated value-added but over 50% of MNEs-related carbon emissions. This imbalance exacerbated regional inequality during this period. A pivotal change occurred over 2012-2017 as MNEs increasingly relocated inland and expanded their presence in clean technology-intensive industries, significantly reducing regional inequality. We also highlight the potential of leveraging MNEs' knowledge spillovers to mitigate emissions and inequality. These insights offer policy implications for strategically deploying MNEs to address inequality and climate change, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.