ArticleBMJ open2025
Association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry and frailty risk among US adults: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Frailty before chronic disease: multisystem physiological differences in middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the relationship between preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and risk of frailty and to identify potential risk factors.
designCross-sectional study.
settingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012.
participantsA total of 6769 participants aged 40-85 years were included in this study: 1042 with PRISm, 702 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 5025 with non-PRISm/COPD. EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Frailty was evaluated using a frailty index, categorising participants into non-frail (score <0.21) and frail (score ≥0.21). Weighted logistic regression with multivariable adjustment was conducted to investigate the relationship between PRISm and frailty as well as to identify risk factors.
resultsThe prevalence of frailty significantly differed among the three cohorts (p<0.0001), with PRISm patients and COPD patients exhibiting higher rates (32.4% and 30.4%, respectively) than the non-PRISm/COPD group (13.6%). In the unadjusted models, PRISm patients exhibited a threefold increased risk of frailty (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.47 to 3.72), similar to COPD patients (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.50). Adjusted models confirmed a comparable risk of frailty in PRISm patients (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.83) and COPD patients (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.32). The findings remained robust across sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Risk factors for frailty among PRISm patients included female sex, non-Hispanic black and other races, higher body mass index, smoking history, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
conclusionPRISm has a similar prevalence and risk of frailty as COPD, both of which are greater than those of non-PRISm/COPD. This highlights the importance of frailty in patients with PRISm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.