Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40674031›Full record

ArticleSubstance use & addiction journal2026

Brief Report: Naloxone Decline Among African American Kentuckians.

Rayven L Peterson, Mona Goggins, Destin L Mizelle, Brittany Miller-Roenigk, Candice N Hargons, Danielle Stevens-Watkins

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Substance use & addiction journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rayven L PetersonDepartment of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7035-5988
Mona GogginsDepartment of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Destin L MizelleDepartment of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Brittany Miller-RoenigkDepartment of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Candice N HargonsDepartment of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, University of Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Danielle Stevens-WatkinsDepartment of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Funding

Research Examining Factors Associated with the Opioid Crisis among Underserved African Americans (REFOCUS)R01DA049333 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI STEVENS-WATKINS, DANELLE J · 2020 to 2024
$3.2M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA049333
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOpioid-involved overdose fatalities among African Americans continue to rise. The current study examines African Americans who reported use of opioids in the past 6 months and declined overdose education and free naloxone.

methodEligible participants included African American Kentuckians who used opioids in the past 6 months and consented to a larger study examining their opioid use. This paper qualitatively explored their reasons for declining overdose education and naloxone using an adjusted and inductive application of structural tabular thematic analysis.

resultsOut of 588 participants, 70 (12%) declined naloxone: the most cited reason for declining naloxone was already possessing the medication. Additional reasons range from not needing or wanting naloxone to no longer using opioids.

conclusionsThe findings suggest that African Americans' hesitancy to carry naloxone can be due to pervasive structural issues. Despite these findings, there remain disproportionate drug treatment rates and mortality from overdose among African Americans.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanDrug OverdoseNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsOpiate OverdoseOpioid-Related DisordersAdultAnalgesics, OpioidFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAnalgesics, OpioidNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsAfrican Americansdrug usenaloxoneopioids

Identifiers

PMID40674031
PMCPMC12631136

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.