ReviewJournal of thrombosis and thrombolysis2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity: immunology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
Review in Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Cardiovascular Imaging for the Early Detection of Cardiotoxicity from Emerging Cancer Therapies: Mechanistic Insights Across the Pediatric and Adult Spectrum.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Diabetes and cancer: therapeutic implications.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- Editorial: Exploring molecular mechanisms and novel diagnostics in cardiovascular disease treatment.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cardiotoxicity associated with anticancer therapies for gynecological tumors.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity: a cellular pharmacology perspective on susceptibility and resistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advancing precision cardio-oncology: multimodal surveillance and stratified management of immunotherapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Predicting cardiovascular toxicity in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy: a risk factor analysis and model development.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond monoclonal antibodies: constraints and the case for alternative PD-1/PD-L1-targeting formats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A comparative review of myocarditis in pediatrics versus adults: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are pivotal in cancer therapy, particularly but not solely for metastatic and advanced lung cancer. These monoclonal antibodies, targeting programmed cell death (PD)-1, ligand PD-L1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, enhance immune responses against tumors but can also trigger immune-related adverse events, including cardiotoxicity and vascular toxicity. Cardiotoxic effects, such as myocarditis, pericarditis, atrial arrhythmias, thrombosis, and vasculitis are significant concerns, particularly myocarditis that can be fatal. ICIs like pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab are widely used, with combination immunotherapy showing improved survival but higher myocarditis risk. Effective management of ICI-induced cardiovascular toxicity involves regular monitoring for physical findings, cardiac, inflammatory, and autoimmune biomarkers, electrocardiograms, CT angiograms, echocardiograms, and cardiac MRI as needed. Emergent treatment for ICI myocarditis and vasculitis includes immediate discontinuation of ICIs, high-dose corticosteroids, and supportive care. In severe or steroid-refractory cases, additional immunosuppressive therapies should be considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.