Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40673943›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuropathology and experimental neurology2026

Stereotactic lesioning of cholinergic cells by injection of ME20.4 Saporin in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Muhammad Nazmuddin, Marieke A Stammes, P Christiaan Klink, Marit K Vernes, Jaco Bakker, Jan A M Langermans, Teus van Laar, Ingrid H C H M Philippens

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Muhammad NazmuddinDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6673-5128
Marieke A StammesAnimal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
P Christiaan KlinkDepartment of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marit K VernesAnimal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Jaco BakkerAnimal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Jan A M LangermansAnimal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Teus van LaarDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ingrid H C H M PhilippensAnimal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.

Funding

Biomedical Primate Research CentreUniversity Medical Centre Groningen
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholinergic degeneration in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is clinically linked to cognitive impairment and gait dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Modeling cholinergic degeneration in an animal model may provide powerful opportunities to study the clinical-physiological role of the NBM and lead to new therapies. We describe a procedure to inject ME20.4 Saporin, an immunotoxin that specifically binds to and depletes cholinergic neurons stereotactically into the NBM of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). A digital non-human primate brain atlas was co-registered to the brain of the monkey. A custom-designed cranial chamber was also implanted to the skull to guide the injection. The effects of the ME20.4 Saporin injections were evaluated in vivo with PET-CT using [18F]-FEOBV as a radiotracer. This approach yielded reliable spatial accuracy and successful delivery of ME20.4 Saporin into the NBM. [18F]-FEOBV PET analyses revealed reduced radiotracer uptake in the NBM. Postmortem assessment showed a reduction of ME20.4-positive cells within the NBM. No clear effects on cognitive testing were observed. This Saporin-mediated selective destruction of cholinergic neurons in the NBM, using MRI-guidance and a cranial chamber, offers a promising method to study the pathophysiology of NBM degeneration and possible therapeutic interventions.

Indexed as

Basal Nucleus of MeynertCholinergic NeuronsImmunotoxinsRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1SaporinsStereotaxic TechniquesAnimalsMacaca mulattaMaleImmunotoxinsRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1Saporinscholinergic depletionFEOBV-PETnon-human primatenucleus basalis of MeynertSaporinstereotactic injection

Identifiers

PMID40673943
PMCPMC12744882

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.