ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
Age and sex are associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in Down syndrome.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intraindividual cognitive variability predicts amyloid beta, tau PET, and dementia conversion in Down syndrome: a potential marker of cognitive resilience.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies in persons with Down syndrome Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Neuropathological measures of increased tau phosphorylation across the Down syndrome lifespan.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Tau pathology differs by sex in Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Age and sex are associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study investigates the association of age and biological sex with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in Down syndrome (DS).
methodsWe examined the frontal/occipital cortex in people with DS (n = 14/13, 1-39 years), DS with AD (DSAD) neuropathology (n = 18/19, 42-61 years), late-onset AD (n = 15/16, 72-96 years), and age-matched controls (n = 50/47)(n = 156). The area occupied by AT8 and 6E10 immunolabeling, representing tangle and plaque loads, respectively, was used for segmented linear regression analyses.
resultsThere was elevated neuropathology after age 35 in DSAD, with inflection points at ∼31 years (amyloid-β [Aβ]) and ∼28 (phosphorylated tau [p-tau]) in the frontal cortex and ∼36 years (both Aβ and p-tau) in the occipital cortex. Occipital p-tau was higher in women relative to men with DS. Aβ and p-tau pathology were correlated in women with DS but not in men with DS in the occipital cortex. DISCUSSION: Women with DS may show a more advanced stage of tau pathology relative to men with DS. HIGHLIGHTS: Amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology emerge after 30 years of age in the frontal cortex, followed 7 years later by pathology in the occipital cortex in Down syndrome (DS). Women with DS show a more rapid progression of AD neuropathology seen by trends in higher p-tau relative to men, despite similar levels of Aβ. Women with DS show a stronger association between Aβ and tau in the occipital but not frontal cortex relative to men with DS, independent of age.
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