ArticleCancer medicine2025
Combination of LowDose Epigenetic Modifiers and TIC10 for the Activation of Antitumor Immunity and Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Gastrointestinal Cancer.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lithium carbonate-loaded polymeric nano-micelles for enhanced antitumor activity against NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumorsNanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Combination of LowDose Epigenetic Modifiers and TIC10 for the Activation of Antitumor Immunity and Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Gastrointestinal Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCytotoxic agents remain the mainstay treatment for advanced gastrointestinal cancer. However, the number of cytotoxic agents is limited, and the treatment effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, new agent and combination strategies are to be explored.
methodsThe antitumor efficacy of low-dose epigenetic modifiers (LD-EMs) of 5-azacytidine and entinostat, cytotoxic agents of paclitaxel, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and a novel cytotoxic agent TIC10, and the combination of LD-EMs and cytotoxic agents was investigated in vivo. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were conducted to analyze the immune phenotype in the tumor microenvironment. The proliferation and apoptosis analyses were performed in vitro.
resultsLD-EM therapy demonstrated superior tumor inhibition compared with commonly used chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer. A novel cytotoxic agent TIC10 resulted in weak to moderate tumor growth inhibition (TGI). LD-EMs exhibited a more pronounced antitumor effect than TIC10 alone (CT26: TGI of 74.5% vs. 46.2%, respectively; p < 0.05; HNM007: TGI of 52.0% vs. 21.4%, respectively; p < 0.05; AKR: TGI of 53.8% vs. 10.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). The combination of TIC10 and LD-EMs led to a more pronounced tumor reduction with tolerable toxicity. Analysis of the immune profiles showed increased percentages of CD45
conclusionsLD-EMs remodeled the tumor microenvironment to an immune-promoting environment. Although TIC10 could suppress cell viability and induce cell apoptosis. A combination of LD-EMs and TIC10 indicated a rational strategy through complementary mechanisms.
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