ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Global, regional, and national epidemiology of otitis media in children from 1990 to 2021.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Characterization of the Middle Ear Microbiome in Pediatric Otitis Media with Effusion: Diagnostic and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Failed cochlear implant followed by auditory brainstem implant in a patient with Mondini malformation and uncontrolled otomastoiditis: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Telehealth Approaches for Pediatric Otitis Media and Clinical Outcomes: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Benchmark-Driven Clinical Decision Framework for Multi-Class Middle Ear Disease Diagnosis: Superiority of Swin Transformer in Accuracy and Stability.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Hearing Loss: Mechanistic Pathways to Targeted Interventions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Otitis media(OM) is a prevalent ear condition, particularly among children, with a significant impact on quality of life. This study aimed to elucidate the global prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with OM in the 0-14 age group from 1990-2021, using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Methods: Our study conducted a comprehensive analysis of OM data from the GBD 2021 report, examining the prevalence and DALYs related to OM across 204 countries and territories over a 32-year period. Data were stratified by age, sex, year, geographic region, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Temporal trends were evaluated using estimated annual percent change (EAPC) calculations. Additionally, a global risk attribution analysis for childhood OM was conducted, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to project the global burden of childhood OM from 2021-2035. Results: In 2021, the global burden of OM in children remained significant, with an incidence of 297,243,470 cases and an age-standardized prevalence of 14,775 cases per 100,000 population. OM resulted in 1,035,749 DALYs globally, with an age-standardized DALY rate of 51.48 per 100,000 population. Regionally, the highest age-standardized prevalence of OM was observed in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa, while Central Europe, East Asia, and High-income Asia Pacific exhibited the lowest prevalence. Key risk factors identified include secondhand smoke, particulate matter pollution, low birth weight, and short gestation. Additionally, a significant inverse association was found between the SDI and the burden of OM, with age-standardized DALY rates decreasing markedly as SDI increased. Conclusion: OM in children represents an escalating global health challenge, marked by a rising incidence. Although there has been a global decline in DALYs, the burden of DALYs associated with OM in children remains significant, particularly in regions with a low SDI. A more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of OM in children could enhance prevention and control efforts.
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