ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Toll-like receptor-mediated immune imbalance in asthma: controversies, breakthroughs, and future directions.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in asthma: insights into epigenetic modifications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Altered expression of Toll-like receptor 9 in the lung tissue of adult mice generated by in vitro embryo culture and embryo transfer.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- Epithelial alarmins TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 in asthma pathogenesis: mechanistic roles and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Tonsillar expression quantitative trait loci verify and expand genetic contributors to childhood atopic diseases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Integrated Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulations Reveal Glycyrrhizic Acid Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis in Rats by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β Pathway.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Gasdermin family: a promising therapeutic target for asthma.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory illness of the respiratory system, asthma occurs due to various factors and is characterized by a T helper 2 (Th2)-skewed immune response, airway hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) perform a "double-edged sword" function in asthma-related immunological dysregulation by recognizing damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In turn, the activation of some TLRs stimulates epithelial cells to release inflammatory cytokines, exacerbating Th2-driven inflammation and contributing to airway remodeling. Certain TLR signals help inhibit allergic responses by inducing type I interferon or regulatory T cells. The TLR family comprises 10 members, each responsible for recognizing the distinct molecular structure of multiple microbial sources. Variations in environmental microbial exposure duration and host genetic background contribute to the complexity of the TLR signaling network during asthma development. In recent years, therapeutic strategies targeting TLRs have shown potential for asthma treatment. However, a comprehensive review of TLRs in asthma is lacking. Therefore, this review sought to examine the functional mechanisms of TLRs and associated signaling cascades in asthma, and explore novel prevention and treatment approaches centered on TLRs modulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.