Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40672746›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2025

Beliefs regarding nicotine replacement therapy among rural residing people who smoke: a step towards promoting uptake.

Dana Mowls Carroll, Andy Tan, Mackenzie Differding, Olivia A Wackowski, Dana Rubenstein, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Devon Noonan, F Joseph McClernon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Dana Mowls CarrollDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Andy TanAnnenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Mackenzie DifferdingDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Olivia A WackowskiDepartment of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Dana RubensteinClinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Dorothy K HatsukamiDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Devon NoonanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
F Joseph McClernonClinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

University of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UMN CTSI)UL1TR002494 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BLAZAR, BRUCE R, WEISDORF, DANIEL J · 2018 to 2022
$34.9M
NRSA Training CoreTL1TR002555 · NCATS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI EDELMAN, DAVID · 2018 to 2022
$3.7M
Evaluating Population-Based Strategies for Rural Smoking CessationR01MD020559 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Dana Mowls Carroll, Olivia Wackowski · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
Laying the Foundation for Personalized Smoking Cessation Treatment in the American Indian PopulationK01MD014795 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CARROLL, DANA MOWLS · 2020 to 2024
$684k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR002555NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494NIMHD NIH HHS K01 MD014795NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD020559
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Rural areas in the United States (U.S.) have a higher smoking prevalence than urban areas. This disparity is influenced by lower odds of quitting smoking in rural versus urban areas, and lower use of evidence-based treatments, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). To inform strategies for promoting NRT, this qualitative study elicited and ranked NRT beliefs among rural people who smoke cigarettes. Methods: In 2023, we conducted an online, semi-qualitative, elicitation survey with US rural residing adults (ages 21+) who smoke ( Results: Leading perceived advantages of NRT for a quit attempt included help with cravings (42 %), making quitting easier (23 %) and easing withdrawal (17 %), while perceived disadvantages were concerns about becoming addicted to another product (29 %), high cost (23 %), side effects (19 %), and being ineffective (13-17 %). Leading perceived barriers to NRT use referred to high cost (52 %), negative taste (19 %), not enough nicotine (13 %), and lack of access (11 %), while leading perceived facilitators to use were free or lower cost (54 %) and better access/availability (13 %) and flavors/taste (13 %). Conclusions: Boosting NRT use among rural communities could be achieved by (1) adopting approaches to enhance the affordability and accessibility of NRT, (2) rectifying NRT misperceptions, and (3) offering guidance on the proper use of NRT and managing side effects.

Indexed as

AccessBeliefsDisparitiesQualitativeRuralSmokingTobaccoTreatment

Identifiers

PMID40672746
PMCPMC12266376

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.