ArticleiScience2025
Immune development differs between preterm newborns fed mothers' own milk and donor milk.
Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to extremely preterm infants associates with development of the intestinal microbiota.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Transient B cell lymphopenia revealed by KRECs newborn screening: Post-screening referral strategies, clinical course, and follow-up.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Perturbation of the preterm human immune system in early life.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Immune development in early life.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Priming innate immunity and long-term outcome.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Human Milk Practices in Swedish Neonatal Units: Results From a Nationwide Survey.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extremely preterm infants are at risk of immune-mediated complications such as infections and inflammatory conditions like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Preterm infants are immunologically distinct from term infants at birth, but subsequently undergo adaptive postnatal changes resulting in immunological convergence during their first 3 months. Here, we performed a systems-level analysis of immune development in 72 preterm infants born as early as 22 weeks to investigate factors associated with variation. We find similar immune trajectories during early postnatal immune development but occurring more slowly in infants born at 22-24 weeks. Immune development showed a greater resemblance to that of term-born children in preterm infants fed mother's own milk compared to donor milk. This developmental normalization was manifested by NK cell development and was not explained by differences in microbial colonization between feeding groups, possibly suggesting direct effects of bioactive milk molecules on developing immune cells in extremely preterm infants.
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