ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Association of peripheral inflammatory cytokines with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Changes in peripheral inflammatory cytokines and clinical outcomes before and after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Observational
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: This pilot study aims to investigate the association between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with both Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sixty patients with PD were divided into two groups depending on whether they also had T2DM, resulting in a PD group (21 cases) and a PD-T2DM group (39 cases). Thirty healthy volunteers from the physical examination centre were enrolled as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected from all patients. Results: Patients with PD-T2DM had higher Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) III scores; total MDS-UPDRS scores; Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) scores; and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- Conclusion: These pilot findings suggest peripheral inflammatory cytokines can be considered biomarkers in patients with PD-T2DM. The underlying mechanism by which T2DM worsens the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD may involve increased inflammation.
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