ReviewMedComm2025
Improvement of the Anticancer Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade: Advances in Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in MedComm, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current and emerging therapeutic strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Targeting the PD-L1-induced PDK4/GLS metabolic axis overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Metabolic checkpoint blockade of IL4I1 by ZY-MY-111 reactivates CD8Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Real-World Evidence from Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Advanced drug delivery platforms targeting cellular senescence: A promising strategy for cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- BCR-ABL1 Drives Transcriptional Reprogramming of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells for Immune Evasion Through C/EBPβ.MedComm · 2026Article
- Small molecules targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Navigating the gut-metabolite-immune axis: enhancing efficacy and mitigating toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Subtype-dependent PD-L1 stability and immune context shape immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Phytochemical basis and antitumor mechanisms ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Interferon-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present, and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nanomedicines Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Induced Metabolic Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical success of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, the issues of immune resistance have become increasingly prominent, representing a critical limitation in modern oncology. This phenomenon has prompted efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying both types of resistance and to find breakthrough therapeutic strategies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance mechanisms from both primary and acquired resistance perspectives, including tumor intrinsic factors, immune microenvironment components, and systemic factors. Building on this foundation, emerging research demonstrates that type I interferons (IFNs), particularly IFN-α and IFN-β, play crucial immunomodulatory roles in overcoming resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We delineate six molecular mechanisms through which IFN-α/β enhance PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy, and innovative strategies are proposed to therapeutically boost IFN-α/β production, including gene editing techniques, targeting the cGAS-STING or TLR pathway and so on. Furthermore, insights into current challenges and future directions of the application of IFN-α/β to improve PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are discussed. This review holds significant academic value by not only synthesizing current knowledge on PD-1/PD-L1 resistance mechanisms but also pioneering a framework for leveraging type I IFNs to overcome these barriers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.