Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40672129›Full record

ArticleACS energy letters2025

Interfacial Chemistry Limits the Stability of Deep Blue Perovskite LEDs Revealed by Operando Characterization.

Alessandro J Mirabelli, Birgit Kammlander, Yang Lu, Rahul Mahavir Varma, Qichun Gu, Karen Radetzky, Thomas A Selby, Tianjun Liu, Stefania Riva, Zimu Wei and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in ACS energy letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
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  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Alessandro J MirabelliDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
Birgit KammlanderDivision of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
Yang LuDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
Rahul Mahavir VarmaDivision of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-7958
Qichun GuDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
Karen RadetzkyDivision of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0221-890X
Thomas A SelbyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8655-5559
Tianjun LiuCavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3630-0414
Stefania RivaDivision of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-1166
Zimu WeiDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
Tien-Lin LeeDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
Jonathan RawleDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
Håkan RensmoDivision of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-0997
Miguel AnayaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-5338
Ute B CappelDivision of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9432-3112
Samuel D StranksDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-7292

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To commercialize lead halide perovskites as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the operational device lifetime needs to be drastically improved. For this to be achieved, an understanding of degradation behavior under bias is crucial. Herein, we perform operando measurements of the structural, chemical, and electronic changes using synchrotron-based grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on full-stack deep blue mixed bromide/chloride lead halide perovskite LEDs. While a clear drop in optoelectronic performance is recorded under electrical bias, the accompanying X-ray scattering data reveals only minor changes in structural properties. However, photoelectron spectroscopy reveals substantial chemical changes at the electron-injecting interface after bias is applied, including the formation of unwanted metallic lead and a new chlorine species that is not in the perovskite structure. These operando approaches give important structural and interfacial perspectives to reveal the degradation mechanisms in these LEDs and highlight the need to address the top electron-injecting interface to realize step-changes in operational stability.

Identifiers

PMID40672129
PMCPMC12261314

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.