Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40671409›Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2025

Experiences of discrimination across the transition to parenthood and postpartum depression severity among Black women.

Alison Hipwell, Kelsey Magee, Kate Keenan, Irene Tung, Ashley Hill, Ashley Stiller, Allysa Quick, Michele Levine, Sierra Strickland, Melanie Custodio

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alison HipwellDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7179-1151
Kelsey MageeDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4220-3984
Kate KeenanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, https://ror.org/024mw5h28University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1775-8171
Irene TungDepartment of Psychology, https://ror.org/04pyvbw03California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1263-066X
Ashley HillDivision of Community Health Science, School of Public Health, https://ror.org/02mpq6x41University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3535-1404
Ashley StillerDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Allysa QuickDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7012-1666
Michele LevineDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1054-3856
Sierra StricklandDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Melanie CustodioDepartment of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/01an3r305University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1198-3586

Funding

The Development of Conduct Disorder in GirlsR01MH056630 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI LOEBER, ROLF · 1998 to 2012
$18.9M
CLINICAL RESEARCH TRAINING IN CHILD PSYCHIATRYT32MH018951 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI TINA R GOLDSTEIN · 1990 to 2026
$9.7M
Maternal Stress Resilience During Pregnancy and Offspring Emotion RegulationK01MH123505 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI TUNG, IRENE · 2021 to 2025
$840k
Postpartum Psychopathology and Teenage MothersK01MH071790 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HIPWELL, ALISON E · 2005 to 2009
$731k
NIMHD NIH HHS L60 MD015553NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH071790NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH123505NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH056630NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018951
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPostpartum depression is prevalent among Black women and associated with intersecting systemic factors and interpersonal discrimination. However, gaps remain in understanding pregnancy-related changes in discrimination experiences that influence postpartum mental health and could inform preventive interventions. We hypothesized that young Black women would experience increasing levels of discrimination across the transition to parenthood, heightening depression risk relative to non-pregnant peers.

methodsParticipants comprised 335 Black primiparous women (ages 17-30 at delivery) and 335 age- and discriminationmatched non-pregnant controls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Self-reported discrimination experiences were collected at four timepoints: two years pre-pregnancy, one year pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and one year postpartum for the childbearing sample, with corresponding data from the non-pregnant sample across the same interval (matched pairwise).

resultsLinear increases in discrimination were observed for the nonpregnant participants (

conclusionsExperiencing increasing levels of interpersonal discrimination across the transition to parenthood may heighten postpartum depression risk among young Black women, indicating a need for interventions supporting well-being and promoting resilience before, during and after pregnancy.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanDepression, PostpartumRacismAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansPostpartum PeriodPregnancySeverity of Illness IndexYoung Adultdiscriminationlongitudinalpostpartum depressionpregnancypre-pregnancy

Identifiers

PMID40671409
PMCPMC12315650

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.