ArticleProtein science : a publication of the Protein Society2025
A high-sensitivity stopped-flow EPR system to monitor millisecond conformational kinetics in spin-labeled proteins.
Article in Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A high-sensitivity stopped-flow EPR system to monitor millisecond conformational kinetics in spin-labeled proteins.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying biological systems, with applications in drug discovery, protein dynamics, membrane biology, and enzyme mechanisms. However, sample volume requirements and sensitivity limitations have historically constrained time-resolved measurements of protein dynamics using stopped-flow (SF) EPR spectroscopy. To address these challenges, we developed a high-sensitivity SF EPR system featuring a custom dielectric resonator, an optimized low-volume sample tube geometry design, and the SF mixer assembly integrated into the resonator housing. This system significantly reduces sample requirements for the investigation of protein conformational dynamics on the millisecond timescale. We demonstrate its capabilities through two applications: the analysis of T4 lysozyme unfolding kinetics, which revealed site-specific variations in the folding pathway, and the measurement of ligand-induced conformational changes in the β2 adrenergic receptor, a challenging membrane-protein system. This advancement broadens the applicability of SF EPR to complex, biomedically relevant proteins, facilitating studies of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions in diverse biological processes.
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