Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40671104›Full record

ArticleBMC research notes2025

Accessibility and challenges to ophthalmic instruments acquisition among optometry students in Ghana.

Eldrick Adu Acquah, Isaiah Osei Duah, Albert Kwadjo Amoah Andoh, Prince Mintah, Anderson Andrews, Michael Kwesi Asante, Bright Kusi Owusu, Samuel Benaiah Oppong, Beatrice Okrah, Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC research notes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Eldrick Adu AcquahDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-568X
Isaiah Osei DuahDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-8602
Albert Kwadjo Amoah AndohDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5035-3655
Prince MintahDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-7107
Anderson AndrewsDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7325-100X
Michael Kwesi AsanteDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-9820-7028
Bright Kusi OwusuDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Samuel Benaiah OppongDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2718-8086
Beatrice OkrahSchool of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health and Allied Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1694-7994
Kwadwo Owusu AkuffoDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. akuffokwadwoowusu@knust.edu.gh.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-249X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the acquisition of personal ophthalmic instruments (POIs) among optometry students in Ghana. Participant characteristics and patterns of ophthalmic instrument acquisition were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between factors influencing POI acquisition. RESULTS DESCRIPTION: Overall, 60.2% of students did not have their own ophthalmic instruments. Slightly more than one third (39.8%) owned a POI that was primarily an ophthalmoscope. Multiple logistic regression showed that financial difficulty (AOR: 0.45, CI: 0.29-0.71, p = 0.001), and lack of access to reliable information on instrument quality (AOR: 0.26, CI: 0.10-0.66, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with lower odds of POI acquisition. About 63.3% of students cited financial difficulty as the main barrier to POI acquisition. The findings call for cost adjustments by stakeholders and increase awareness to optimize POIs acquisition among students. Taken together, the findings aim to improve clinical training and reduce disparities in optometry education among optometry students in Ghana.

Indexed as

OptometryStudentsAdultFemaleGhanaHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAccessBarriersClinical trainingFacilitatorsGhanaOphthalmoscopeRetinoscope

Identifiers

PMID40671104
PMCPMC12269135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.