Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40670639›Full record

ArticleNature2025

Global terrestrial nitrogen fixation and its modification by agriculture.

Carla R Reis Ely, Steven S Perakis, Cory C Cleveland, Duncan N L Menge, Sasha C Reed, Benton N Taylor, Sarah A Batterman, Christopher M Clark, Timothy E Crews, Katherine A Dynarski and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Assessing the implementation of crustivoltaics inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  10. Phantom sinks and missing pollution: Legacies of a hardened number.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Overestimated natural biological nitrogen fixation translates to an exaggerated COProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Carla R Reis ElyDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. carlargreis@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-9657-8071
Steven S PerakisForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0703-9314
Cory C ClevelandDepartment of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Duncan N L MengeDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4736-9844
Sasha C ReedSouthwest Biological Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA.
Benton N TaylorDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9834-9192
Sarah A BattermanCary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA.
Christopher M ClarkOffice of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3475-9886
Timothy E CrewsThe Land Institute, Salina, KS, USA.
Katherine A DynarskiDepartment of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Maga GeiAssociation for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Michael J GundaleDepartment of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-2447-609X
David F HerridgeSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.
Sarah E JovanPNW Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR, USA.
Sian Kou-GiesbrechtDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4086-0561
Mark B PeoplesCSIRO Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6060-3290
Johannes PiipponenWater and Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-2925-3397
Emilio Rodríguez-CaballeroCentro de Investigación de Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Almería (CECOUAL) y Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5934-3214
Verity G SalmonEnvironmental Science Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2188-551X
Fiona M SoperDepartment of Biology and School of the Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Anika P StacconeEarthshot Labs, Sebastopol, CA, USA.
Bettina WeberMultiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5453-3967
Christopher A WilliamsGraduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5047-0639
Nina WurzburgerOdum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6143-0317

Funding

Intramural EPA EPA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the largest natural source of new nitrogen (N) that supports terrestrial productivity

Indexed as

AgricultureEcosystemNitrogen FixationCarbon SequestrationCrops, AgriculturalForestsNitrogenUncertaintyNitrogen

Identifiers

PMID40670639
PMCPMC12506932

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.