Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40670636›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

High-stability electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing based on double closed-loop fuzzy control.

Yifang Liu, Yiman Chen, Huangping Yan, Junyu Chen, Huatan Chen, Shufan Li, Xiang Cheng, Gaofeng Zheng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yifang LiuPen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Yiman ChenPen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Huangping YanPen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Junyu ChenSchool of Opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
Huatan ChenSchool of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
Shufan LiSchool of Opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
Xiang ChengPen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. chengflying@xmu.edu.cn.
Gaofeng ZhengPen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. zheng_gf@xmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52275575Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality 3502Z202373025Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzen Municipality JSGG20220831094600002Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen Municipality 2022CXY0101The University-Industry Collaboration Project of Fujian Province 2023H6030
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a promising micro-nano manufacturing technology. However, the EHD printing process is susceptible to interferences like charge repulsion, electric field, airflow, and platform motion, leading to unstable jetting and nonuniform deposition morphology. In this paper, a double close-loop fuzzy control method based on jet image recognition and micro-current measurement was designed to monitor and control the EHD printing process. A closed-loop control based on the fuzzy control algorithm has been designed to monitor the EHD printing system by taking the feedback information from micro-current and jet image. The experimental results show that the closed-loop control significantly improved the uniformity and stability of the fiber deposition. The volatility percentage of the current decreased from 34% to 12%, the fluctuation range of the fiber diameter was reduced from 35 μm to 15 μm, and the volatility percentage of the fiber spacing decreased from 29% to 9.5%. Additionally, the closed-loop control accelerated the response speed of jet mode conversion. Ineffective deposition of printing jet on the collection plate was shortened from 5 s to 2.2 s. This feedback control optimises the printing quality of micro-nano structures, promoting the advancement of high-resolution additive manufacturing applications.

Indexed as

Electrohydrodynamic printingFuzzy controlJet image recognitionMicro-current measurement

Identifiers

PMID40670636
PMCPMC12267518

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.