ArticleScientific reports2025
Surface-coated paper packaging with nanocellulose modified with quaternary ammonium organosilane and precipitated calcium carbonate for improved water repellency and antibacterial activity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smart responsive hydrogels combined with AI design for tumor therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Article
- Nanocellulose Materials: Processing, Properties, and Application.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The widespread use of non-biodegradable plastic packaging has raised environmental and health concerns, prompting the development of sustainable alternatives. This study presents a functional paper coating composed of nanocellulose (CNFs) derived from hemp agricultural waste and modified with octadecyldimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) ammonium chloride (ODDMAC). The modified CNFs were combined with varying concentrations of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) to enhance coating performance. Structural modifications were confirmed by FTIR and solid-state ¹³C-NMR, indicating the presence of alkyl and siloxane groups. Among all formulations, the PCC5%-coated paper exhibited optimal performance, with a highly hydrophobic surface (water contact angle > 150°), a significantly reduced Cobb60 value (24.45 ± 0.62 g/m²), and a low water vapor permeability (WVP) of 225.20 g·mm/m²·day·kPa, consistent with its enhanced hydrophobicity. FE-SEM analysis revealed a uniform 3 μm-thick coating layer with well-dispersed PCC particles contributing to surface roughness. The coated paper also showed improved tensile strength, excellent rub resistance (200 cycles), and strong antimicrobial activity, with reductions of Staphylococcus aureus and fungi by 99.99% and 99.92%, respectively. Biocompatibility was confirmed by 100% Caco-2 cell viability, and biodegradability reached 72.63% within 60 days. These findings demonstrate the potential of PCC5%-coated paper as a high-performance, safe, and eco-friendly alternative to plastic-based food packaging.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.