Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40670406›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2025

The TLR7/8 agonist INI-4001 enhances the immunogenicity of a Powassan virus-like-particle vaccine.

Michael W Crawford, Walid M Abdelwahab, Karthik Siram, Christopher J Parkins, Henry F Harrison, E Taylor Stone, Samantha R Osman, Dillon Schweitzer, David J Burkhart, Amelia K Pinto and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Michael W CrawfordVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
Walid M AbdelwahabDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Karthik SiramDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Christopher J ParkinsVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
Henry F HarrisonVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
E Taylor StoneHDT Bio, Seattle, WA, USA.
Samantha R OsmanDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Dillon SchweitzerDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
David J BurkhartInimmune Corporation, Missoula, MT, USA.
Amelia K PintoDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
James D BrienDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
Jessica L SmithVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
Alec J HirschVaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA. hirschal@ohsu.edu.

Funding

Development of a Virus-Like Particle Vaccine for Powassan VirusR01AI152192 · NIAID · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI HIRSCH, ALEC J · 2020 to 2024
$2.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152192
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Powassan virus (POWV) is a pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus that causes fatal neuroinvasive disease in humans. There are currently no approved therapies or vaccines for POWV infection. Here, we develop a POW virus-like particle (POW-VLP) based vaccine adjuvanted with the novel synthetic Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist INI-4001. We demonstrate that INI-4001 outperforms both alum and the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist INI-2002 in enhancing the immunogenicity of a dose-sparing POW-VLP vaccine in mice. INI-4001 increases the magnitude and breadth of the antibody response as measured by whole-virus ELISA, induces neutralizing antibodies measured by FRNT, reduces viral burden in the brain of infected mice measured by RT-qPCR, and confers 100% protection from lethal challenge with both lineages of POWV. We show that the antibody response induced by INI-4001 is more durable than standard alum, and 80% of mice remain protected from lethal challenge 9-months post-vaccination. Lastly, we show that the protection elicited by INI-4001 adjuvanted POW-VLP vaccine is unaffected by either CD4

Identifiers

PMID40670406
PMCPMC12267508

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.