ArticleAnnals of botany2026
Claytosmunda basilica sp. nov. (Osmundaceae) and the rise of crown-group royal ferns in Gondwanan high latitudes.
Article in Annals of botany, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsRoyal ferns (Osmundales) are a family of leptosporangiate ferns, which today are limited to six genera in temperate and subtropical climate zones. In the Permian and Triassic, the order was much more diverse and globally distributed. The phylogeographical origins of the crown-group royal ferns have not yet been studied extensively.
methodsHere, we present a new species of royal fern, Claytosmunda basilica sp. nov., from the Upper Triassic of Antarctica, analysed from thin sections and cellulose acetate peels of fossil rhizomes, and we implement a phylogenetic analysis of the royal ferns based on a morphological character matrix. KEY
resultsClaytosmunda basilica sp. nov. has a partly sclerotized pith and a moderately dissected xylem cylinder with prominent leaf gaps. Its two-layered cortex contains several sclerenchyma strands accompanying every leaf trace. Stipe bases show a heterogeneous sclerenchyma cylinder with two lateral masses of thick-walled fibres. Stipular wings contain large masses of sclerenchyma. Especially in its stipe base anatomy, C. basilica is remarkably similar to the extant Claytosmunda claytoniana. It also shares many characteristics with Claytosmunda beardmorensis from the Triassic of Antarctica, although both taxa have a completely different growth form. A close relationship between these three Claytosmunda species is supported by phylogenetic analysis.
conclusionsPhylogenetic analysis and the comparison of the geographical occurrences of all Permian and Triassic royal fern taxa reveals that crown-group Osmundales originated in the Gondwanan high latitudes, whereas other branches of the royal fern order that originated from tropical to subtropical latitudes went extinct after the Triassic.
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