Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40668930›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Size matters: Micro- versus nanobubbles in ultrasound imaging and therapy.

Mihir Sheth, Caed Knight, Qiang Wu, Alexandra Vasilyeva, Awaneesh Upadhyay, Luca Bau, Jia-Ling Ruan, Nicholas Ovenden, Eleanor Stride

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Super-Resolution Ultrasound Based Cell Tracking With Polymeric Nanobubbles.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mihir ShethInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5605-4671
Caed KnightInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0009-0006-3796-7436
Qiang WuInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alexandra VasilyevaInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Awaneesh UpadhyayInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5930-2028
Luca BauInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4882-1356
Jia-Ling RuanDepartment of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8274-4959
Nicholas OvendenDepartment of Mathematics, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9781-665X
Eleanor StrideInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3371-5929

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the reported ability of nanobubbles (<500 nanometers in diameter) to exhibit a comparable or superior acoustic response to microbubbles (>1 micrometer in diameter). Eight hypotheses were examined. Both the theoretical and experimental results supported only one hypothesis: The apparent echogenicity of nanobubbles under both linear and nonlinear imaging is due to the presence of preexisting microbubbles, which are not reliably detected by available nanoparticle sizing methods. There was no evidence to support the other hypotheses, although the possibility of microbubble formation due to bubble aggregation/coalescence or swelling due to gas absorption in vivo could not be completely ruled out. Nanobubbles may offer advantages in terms of circulatory stability and potential for therapeutic delivery compared with microbubbles, but these advantages must be weighed against the need to use higher bubble concentrations, higher ultrasound frequencies, and/or higher intensities to achieve equivalent imaging and/or therapeutic effects.

Indexed as

MicrobubblesNanoparticlesContrast MediaHumansParticle SizeUltrasonographyContrast Media

Identifiers

PMID40668930
PMCPMC12266114

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.