ArticleScience advances2025
Tetanus-driven biohybrid multijoint robots powered by muscle rings with enhanced contractile force.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- 2D Skeletal Muscle Thin Film Actuators Enhance Efficiency of Biohybrid Robots.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biohybrid Robots with Embedded Conductive Fibers for Actuation, Sensing, and Closed-loop Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fast-swimming biohybrid OstraBot with self-trained high-strength muscles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Monolithic 3D-Printed Platform for Functional Maturation and In Situ Contractility Assessment of 3D Skeletal Muscle.Biomaterials research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Biohybrid actuators using muscle rings have been limited to twitching movements and are unsuitable for sustained contractile force applications. In this study, we developed muscle rings capable of generating high contractile forces under tetanus stimulation. By enhancing the rigidity of pillar-shaped supports and increasing myoblast density through reduced extracellular matrix, we promoted the formation of dense, well-aligned muscle fiber bundles. The optimized muscle rings exhibited higher contractile forces compared to traditional methods. Integrating these muscle rings with C-shaped anchors efficiently converted contractile force into bending motion. We demonstrated the application of these muscle rings in gripper- and slither-type biohybrid robots, achieving large deformation and undulatory movement. This work advances biohybrid robotics by enabling sophisticated movements requiring continuous and powerful muscle contractions.
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