ArticleDysphagia2026
Normative Reference Values for Pharyngeal Volume and Residue During Swallowing in Healthy Adults: Analysis Using 320-Row Area Detector Computed Tomography.
Article in Dysphagia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
This study aimed to establish reference values for quantitative measurements of pharyngeal volume and residue during swallowing in healthy individuals and to examine how these measurements are influenced by age, sex, height, and bolus properties. We performed a retrospective analysis of 288 swallows from 135 healthy Japanese adults (median age, 43 years; height, 163 cm) who underwent Swallowing CT. Test boluses included thin or extremely thick liquids in either 3 mL, 10 mL, or 20 mL amounts. Pharyngeal cavity volume at bolus hold (PVHOLD), unobliterated air and bolus volume at maximum pharyngeal constriction (PVMAX), and pharyngeal volume constriction ratio (PVCR), and post-swallow pharyngeal residue were measured on dynamic 3D-CT images using a semi-automated software. We determined the 2.5th, 50th, 97.5th percentile values to obtain normative reference values for each parameter and made generalized linear regression models to determine how these volume measurements are associated with demographic factors and bolus properties. Normative values (median [97.5th percentile]) across all swallows were PVHOLD 20.9 cm
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