ArticleCureus2025
Clinical, Epidemiological, and Dermoscopic Features of Different Clinical Variants of Cutaneous Lichen Planus in the Indian Population: A Prospective Observational Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionLichen planus (LP) is a distinct clinical entity that commonly affects the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Multiple clinical variants of LP with varying morphologies have been documented. This study aimed to analyze the clinical, epidemiological, and dermoscopic features of different variants of cutaneous LP in the Indian population.
methodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from January 2021 to August 2022. A total of 50 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous LP were included. Demographic details, including age, disease duration, symptoms, and family history, were recorded.
resultsAmong the 50 patients, 30 (60%) were female and 20 (40%) male, with an age range of 8-65 years (mean age: 37 ± 14 years). Classical LP was the most common variant observed (26 cases, 52%), followed by lichen planus hypertrophicus (LPH) in eight cases (16%) and eruptive LP in six cases (12%). Wickham's striae (WS) was the most common dermoscopic finding in classical LP (observed in 23 cases, 88.5%), but was absent in LPH, actinic LP, and lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP). The most frequent pigmentation patterns in classical LP were diffuse dots and diffuse globules, seen in three cases (11.5%). Pigmentation patterns were more variable in LPH and actinic LP. The background color was pink in classical and eruptive LP, and brownish in LPH, actinic LP, and LPP. It showed mixed shades in annular atrophic LP. No significant differences in demographic parameters were noted among the different variants.
conclusionWS was the most consistent dermoscopic feature in cases of classical cutaneous LP and can assist physicians in diagnosis. Detailed dermoscopic evaluation, combined with a comprehensive clinical history, is essential for diagnosing classical and atypical LP variants and differentiating them from clinically similar conditions. This approach offers important clues regarding the underlying histopathology.
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