ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
The F1F3 recombinant chimera induced higher vaccine efficacy than its independent F1 and F3 components against
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Accelerating vaccine research and development for skin neglected tropical diseases: A case for leishmaniasis, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
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4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe human vector-borne CD4-immunosuppressive disease that can be lethal if untreated soon after symptoms arise. No vaccine is available against human VL, and its chemotherapy is highly toxic and requires hospitalization. VL patients show substantially decreased CD4 Methods: In this investigation, BALB/c mice were immunized with either F1, F3, a mixture of both, or with the F1F3 chimera, plus saponin and challenged with amastigotes of Results: Before and after infection, the F1F3 chimera and the F3 vaccines promoted the highest IgA, IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 antibody responses. The F1F3 chimera promoted the strongest intradermal response against the leishmanial antigen, the highest body weight gain, and the most potent reduction of the spleen and liver relative weights. In addition, the F1F3 chimera vaccine increased the secretion of IFN-γ, and, together with the F3 vaccine, the secretion of TNF-α by splenocytes. The F1F3 chimera and the F1 vaccine also promoted the strongest secretion of IL-10, which was very low in mice immunized with F3. Thus, the IFN-γ/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios, characteristic of a Th1 response, were increased in mice vaccinated with F3. The F1F3 chimera and the F3 vaccine reduced the parasite load in the liver. Discussion: The F1F3 chimera, as described for the heterologous CL infections, also optimizes protection against the homologous visceral leishmaniasis infection by
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