ReviewFrontiers in public health2025
Between war and pestilence: the impact of armed conflicts on vaccination efforts: a review of literature.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measles and Rubella Elimination Trends in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2023-2024: Progress and Recent Epidemiological Shifts.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinical recognition of pediatric diphtheria in a resource-limited Somali hospital: a prospective observational study.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Childhood Vaccination in Sub-Saharan African Countries Experiencing Armed Conflicts: A Scoping Review.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Complementary role of humanitarian civil society organisations in bridging gaps in immunisation programming in conflict and crisis-affected settings: the REACH Project experience.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Understanding Ukraine's immunization supply chain resilience in the face of war: a mixed-method study.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- "A single viral video can undo months of health education": social media, trust, and vaccine hesitancy in wartime Ukraine.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Child health in Gaza: what can children expect?BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Review
- One Health Approach in Ukraine: Current Status and Prospects for Implementation.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Vaccine hurdles for children in war-torn Somalia: the result of post-campaign coverage survey 2025.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- Improving emergency preparedness of subnational vaccine stores in Ukraine: co-creation and implementation of on-site functional simulation exercises.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Factors contributing to low uptake of vaccination in underserved communities: a mixed-method diagnostic design in Southwest Region of Cameroon.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- A qualitative exploration of deterrents to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among adults in post-war Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends of routine childhood vaccination status in Afghanistan over the last two decades (1999-2023).Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Armed conflicts profoundly undermine vaccination efforts, disrupting healthcare systems, displacing populations, and enabling the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This narrative review explores the relationship between conflict and immunization coverage through an analysis of 18 studies across diverse regions, including Syria, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Ukraine. Evidence reveals that countries affected by war account for a disproportionate share of global polio and measles cases, often due to damaged infrastructure, interrupted cold chains, and vaccine hesitancy exacerbated by political instability and misinformation. Refugee populations, particularly children, face additional barriers such as poor access, low vaccine literacy, and economic hardship. Despite these challenges, innovative responses have emerged: mobile vaccination teams, negotiated access with armed groups, integration with other humanitarian services, and the use of digital tracking technologies have helped mitigate immunization gaps. However, these are often temporary solutions. Sustainable vaccination coverage requires not only emergency interventions but also long-term conflict resolution. Ceasefires and humanitarian pauses have allowed short-term immunization campaigns, yet their effectiveness is limited without durable peace and systemic rebuilding. The findings highlight the need for coordinated global efforts to protect immunization programs in conflict zones and to uphold vaccination as both a public health priority and a human right.
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