ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with High Expression of PD-L1 as Nanotherapeutics in Rheumatoid Arthritis Model Mice.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhalable PD-L1-engineered hybrid cellular vesicles suppress excessive neutrophil activation and restore mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate ischemia-reperfusion lung injury and pneumonia.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Advances in Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Autoimmune Diseases: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PD-L1 Expression in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Impacts on Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Therapeutic Potential, and Biomarker Utility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Theranostic Nanoprobes for Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Inflammation Visualization to Guided Precision Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The role of programmed cell death 1 in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Systemic regulation of rheumatoid arthritis by mesenchymal stem cells: from immune homeostasis to microbiota modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunomodulation and targeted delivery: breakthroughs and challenges in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies have identified synovial T cells as key pathogenic drivers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To explore a novel therapeutic strategy targeting these cells, we aimed to develop mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes with enhanced PD-L1 expression (Exo-PD-L1) and evaluate their therapeutic potential in RA. Methods: Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were stimulated with interferon γ (IFN-γ) to upregulate programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Exo-PD-L1 was isolated and administered to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice. Therapeutic effects were assessed through T cell activity assays, in vivo biodistribution tracking, clinical symptom scoring, and histopathological analysis of extremities and major organs. Results: Exo-PD-L1 significantly inhibited the activity of cultured T cells, was highly concentrated in the joints of RA mice, and significantly improved RA manifestations and histological abnormalities in the extremities of mice. No histological abnormalities were observed in the main organs of the mice. Conclusion: Exo-PD-L1 can be homed to inflammatory lesions and have the potential to treat RA.
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Registered trials
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