Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40665593›Full record

SynthesisHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Economic evaluations of vaccines against respiratory infections in adults in Southeast Asia: A systematic review.

Ba Khuong Cao, Rachmadianti Sukma Hanifa, Thi-Phuong-Lan Nguyen, Maarten J Postma, Jurjen van der Schans

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ba Khuong CaoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9184-9330
Rachmadianti Sukma HanifaDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0006-4305-2478
Thi-Phuong-Lan NguyenFaculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0001-5266-1765
Maarten J PostmaDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-6306-3653
Jurjen van der SchansDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6170-1191

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Respiratory infections significantly impact adult health in Southeast Asia, yet vaccine coverage remains low. This systematic review evaluated the economic evaluations of vaccines targeting respiratory infections in the region. A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, NHSEED, CINAHL, EconLit, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, up to April 24, 2024. Nineteen eligible studies were identified, focusing primarily on influenza (8 studies) and COVID-19 vaccines (7 studies), with fewer studies on pneumococcal (2 studies), varicella (1 study), and pertussis (1 study) vaccines. Overall, influenza, COVID-19 (boosters), and pneumococcal vaccines were found to be cost-effective or highly cost-effective compared to no-vaccine or no-booster scenarios. The only study on maternal pertussis vaccination found it not to be cost-effective. The most common parameters considered in sensitivity analyses were vaccine efficacy and discount rates. This review highlights the economic evaluations of influenza, COVID-19, and pneumococcal vaccines in Southeast Asia, providing essential evidence to guide vaccine policy. Future studies should address limitations in model selection, incorporate herd immunity, ensure the model validation (i.e. validity of cost and benefit measurements), and explore the cost-effectiveness of other vaccines across the region.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesInfluenza VaccinesPneumococcal VaccinesRespiratory Tract InfectionsAdultAsia, SoutheasternCost-Benefit AnalysisHumansSARS-CoV-2VaccinationVaccine EfficacyCOVID-19 VaccinesInfluenza VaccinesPneumococcal Vaccinesadultseconomic evaluationrespiratory infectionSoutheast AsiaSystematic reviewvaccine

Identifiers

PMID40665593
PMCPMC12269661

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.