Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40665582›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2025

SynthRAD2025 Grand Challenge dataset: Generating synthetic CTs for radiotherapy from head to abdomen.

Adrian Thummerer, Erik van der Bijl, Arthur Jr Galapon, Florian Kamp, Mark Savenije, Christina Muijs, Shafak Aluwini, Roel J H M Steenbakkers, Stephanie Beuel, Martijn Pw Intven and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Large language models for scalable standardization in radiation oncology.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Deep Learning for CT Synthesis in Radiotherapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Adrian ThummererDepartment of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Erik van der BijlDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Arthur Jr GalaponDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Florian KampDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Mark SavenijeDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Christina MuijsDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Shafak AluwiniDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Roel J H M SteenbakkersDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Stephanie BeuelDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Martijn Pw IntvenDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Johannes A LangendijkDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Stefan BothDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Stefanie CorradiniDepartment of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Viktor RogowskiRadiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Maarten TerpstraDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Niklas WahlDivision of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Christopher KurzDepartment of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Guillaume LandryDepartment of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Matteo MasperoDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Funding

Adrian Thummerer was funded by a grant from Deutsche Krebshilfe 70114849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMedical imaging is crucial in modern radiotherapy, aiding diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. The development of synthetic imaging techniques, particularly synthetic computed tomography (sCT), continues to attract interest in radiotherapy. The SynthRAD2025 dataset and the accompanying SynthRAD2025 Grand Challenge aim to stimulate advancements in synthetic CT generation algorithms by providing a platform for comprehensive evaluation and benchmarking of synthetic CT generation algorithms based on cone-beam CTs (CBCT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI). ACQUISITION AND VALIDATION

methodsThe dataset comprises 2362 cases, including 890 MRI-CT pairs and 1472 CBCT-CT pairs of head-and-neck, thoracic, and abdominal cancer patients treated at five European university medical centers [UMC Groningen, UMC Utrecht, Radboud UMC (Netherlands), LMU University Hospital Munich, and University Hospital of Cologne (Germany)]. Images were acquired using a wide range of acquisition protocols and scanners. Pre-processing, including rigid and deformable image registration methods, was performed to ensure high-quality image datasets and alignment between modalities. Extensive quality assurance was performed to validate image consistency and usability. DATA FORMAT AND USAGE NOTES: All imaging data is provided using the MetaImage (.mha) file format, ensuring compatibility with common medical image processing tools. Metadata, including acquisition parameters and registration details, is available in structured comma-separated value (CSV) files. To ensure dataset integrity, SynthRAD2025 is split into training (65%), validation (10%), and test (25%) sets. The dataset is accessible through https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14918088 under the SynthRAD2025 collection. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: This dataset enables benchmarking and development of synthetic imaging techniques for radiotherapy applications. Potential use cases include sCT generation for MRI-only and MR-guided photon and proton radiotherapy, CBCT-based dose calculations, and adaptive radiotherapy workflows. By incorporating data from diverse acquisition settings, SynthRAD2025 supports the advancement of robust and generalizable image synthesis algorithms for clinical implementation, ultimately promoting personalized cancer care and improving adaptive radiotherapy workflows.

Indexed as

AbdomenCone-Beam Computed TomographyHeadHead and Neck NeoplasmsRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedTomography, X-Ray ComputedHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance Imagingartificial intelligenceCBCTCTdeep learningimage synthesisMR

Identifiers

PMID40665582
PMCPMC12264395

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.