Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40665499›Full record

ArticleEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2025

Effectiveness of a communal, multilevel, interdisciplinary suicide prevention program.

Christine Reif-Leonhard, Dorothea Lemke, Franziska Holz, Kira F Ahrens, Christoph Fehr, Markus Steffens, Michael Grube, Christine M Freitag, Sarah C Kölzer, Sabine Schlitt and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Christine Reif-LeonhardDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-1496-5632
Dorothea LemkeInstitute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Franziska HolzInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Kira F AhrensDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3249-0409
Christoph FehrVitos Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Hadamar, Hadamar, Germany.
Markus SteffensKlinik Hohe Mark, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Michael GrubeDepartment of Psychiatry, Klinikum Frankfurt Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Christine M FreitagDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9676-4782
Sarah C KölzerInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Sabine SchlittDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Rebekka GebhardtDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Thomas GötzGesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Michael StäbleinDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Viktoria DichterGesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Nora HauschildGesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Inga BeigGesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0009-0007-4371-9110
Louisa WagnerAgaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Juliane MüllerDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Ulrich HegerlDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Marcel A VerhoffInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Juliana J PetersenInstitute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4960-3673
Ferdinand M GerlachInstitute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0867-876X
Gil ZalsmanPsychiatry Department, Sackler School of Medicine, https://ror.org/04mhzgx49Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Christiane SchlangDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-7939-8583
Andreas ReifDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Gesundheit ZMVI1-2517FSB136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCompleted suicide (CS) is among the leading causes of death. Suicide attempts (SAs) are more frequent and are a significant contributor to overall morbidity. However, there is only few data on community-based suicide prevention using systemic approaches. We have implemented a communal suicide prevention program and tested whether it reduced the number of SA and CS.

methods"FraPPE" comprised measures proposed by previous studies: low-threshold outpatient services, a SA postvention, a hotline targeting individuals with suicidal intent, qualification of gatekeepers and general practitioners, and a campaign to refer SA cases to psychiatric services and antistigma campaigns. The intervention lasted for 25 months.

resultsFor CS, 7.7 cases per month were recorded during baseline, compared to 9 cases per month in the intervention phase. For SA, the numbers were 39.2 and 40.7, respectively. These numbers did not differ significantly. The most frequent diagnostic group was affective disorders, followed by substance use disorders. The average age was lower in the SA group. More males committed suicide (p < 0.001), whereas the sex ratio was balanced in SA.

conclusionsThe communal suicide prevention measures implemented in FraPPE did not reduce the number of suicides and SAs. This should be interpreted with caution, as a number of prevention measures were already executed in the region. Also, data were confounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our awareness campaign may also have reduced the dark field, leading to increased reporting. We thus propose to enact registries on suicidal behaviors, to obtain better data and develop new preventive measures.

Indexed as

Community Mental Health ServicesSuicide, AttemptedSuicide, CompletedSuicide PreventionAdultCOVID-19FemaleHotlinesHumansMaleMiddle AgedProgram EvaluationYoung Adultcommunitypreventionpublic healthsuicidesuicide attempttime-seriestrial

Identifiers

PMID40665499
PMCPMC12438983

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.