Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40665464›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Early maladaptive schemas in trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder: their relationships with symptom severity and subtypes.

Ella Flagstad, Benjamin Hummelen, Erna Moen, Toril Dammen, Åshild Haaland, Tor Sunde, Bjarne Hansen, Diana Strand Johnsen, Douglas Woods, Torun Grøtte

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ella FlagstadDepartment of Psychology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Benjamin HummelenDepartment of Research and Development, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Erna MoenDepartment of Research and Development, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Toril DammenDepartment of Research and Development, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Åshild HaalandDepartment of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
Tor SundeDPS Solvang, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway.
Bjarne HansenBergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Diana Strand JohnsenDepartment of Research and Development, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Douglas WoodsDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA.
Torun GrøtteDepartment of Psychology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. torun.grotte@ntnu.no.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigher levels of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been associated with increased symptom severity and worse treatment outcomes in several mental disorders, but little is known about the role of EMSs in trichotillomania (TTM) and skin-picking disorder (SPD). The current study therefore aimed to explore the relationship of EMSs with symptom severity and subtypes in patients with TTM and SPD, as well as to compare their baseline EMS levels to those of a group of patients with obsessive‒compulsive disorder (OCD).

methodsThe Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), along with measures of disorder-specific symptoms and subtypes, was administered to patients with TTM (n = 120), SPD (n = 75), and OCD (n = 88) prior to treatment. Potential between-group differences in EMSs were explored with ANCOVA, with age and illness duration as covariates. Disorder- and subtype-specific patterns were explored with correlational analysis.

resultsNo significant baseline differences in EMS severity were found between TTM, SPD, and OCD patients, thereby corroborating EMSs' transdiagnostic function in mental disorders. Several EMSs were significantly positively associated with self-reported and clinician-rated symptoms and picking/pulling styles of TTM and SPD, with some indications of diagnosis-specific association patterns.

conclusionThese results suggest that EMSs are common among individuals with TTM and SPD and that assessment of these schemas may enhance clinicians' understanding of TTM and SPD patients' presenting problems.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalObsessive-Compulsive DisorderTrichotillomaniaAdolescentAdultExcoriation DisorderFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultEarly maladaptive schemaOCDSkin-picking disorderSubtypesTrichotillomania

Identifiers

PMID40665464
PMCPMC12261639

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.