Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40665184›Full record

ArticleMolecular diversity2026

Immunoinformatics-driven design of a multi-epitope vaccine for effective protection against Machupo virus.

Abdulaziz Alamri, Saeedah Almutairi, Salman Al Rokayan, Mohamed Y Zaky, Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud, Israr Fatima

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Article in Molecular diversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Abdulaziz AlamriBiochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saeedah AlmutairiBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Salman Al RokayanResearch Chair of Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Y ZakyUPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Mostafa A Abdel-MaksoudResearch Chair of Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Israr FatimaCenter of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. Israrfatima@nwafu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Arenaviridae family of viruses includes the Machupo virus (MACV), which is associated with the potentially fatal Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, a disease with a mortality rate of 15%-30% depending on the speed of diagnosis and the availability of health facilities. To date, there is no licensed vaccine available for MACV, highlighting the need for a preventive measure. In this work, we use immunoinformatics approaches to create a multi-epitope vaccine based on the most dominant MACV proteins. For constructational epitopes, we selected glycoprotein precurssor (GP), nucleoprotein (NP), RNA-dependant RNA polymerase (L), and Zinc-binding RING finger protein (Z) from garner the proteins essential for replicating and invading a host cell. Using in silico prediction methods, a total of thirteen T-cell epitopes (seven MHC class I and six MHC class II binders) and eight B-cell epitopes were identified as having the greatest potential to elicit strong and broad-spectrum immune responses. These selected epitopes were validated in silico to ensure the highest degree of immunogenicity and no allergenic or toxic effects. To increase the potential of the vaccine to elicit an immune response, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 was added as an adjuvant. The analysis of population coverage indicated that the epitopes could provide immunological protection to nearly 98.04% of the world population. The theoretical vaccine design included 3D modeling and simulation of docking to immunoreceptors like Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MHC molecules, which confirmed their stable and high-affinity binding interactions. The results from in silico simulations of the immune response also showed abundant production of antibodies and strong engagement of various T-cell subsets. In summary, this study proposes a multi-epitope Machupo virus vaccine candidate that can be tested in the lab to evaluate its effectiveness as a preventative measure for Bolivian hemorrhagic fever.

Indexed as

Arenaviruses, New WorldComputational BiologyEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteViral VaccinesHumansImmunoinformaticsMolecular Docking SimulationViral ProteinsEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteViral ProteinsViral VaccinesBolivian hemorrhagic feverExperimental validationMachupo virus (MACV)Multi-epitope vaccineβ-Defensin

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.