Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40665154›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Evaluating the echogenicity of ethyl cellulose-ethanol gel for tracking biodistribution during liver ablation.

Jeffrey Yang, Xihan Ma, Andrew S Mikhail, William F Pritchard, Bradford J Wood, Haichong K Zhang, Jenna L Mueller

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jeffrey YangFischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Xihan MaDepartment of Robotics Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
Andrew S MikhailCenter for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
William F PritchardCenter for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Bradford J WoodCenter for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Haichong K ZhangDepartment of Robotics Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
Jenna L MuellerFischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. mueller7@umd.edu.

Funding

Center for Interventional OncologyZIDBC011242 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI WOOD, BRADFORD J · 2009 to 2025
$18.7M
Intramural NIH HHS ZID BC011242NIH HHS Z01 1ZID BC011242 and CL040015University of Maryland Startup funds
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. While surgery and liver transplantation are curative treatments for HCC, many tumors are unresectable due to co-morbidities or advanced stage. Ethanol ablation is an established alternative ablative therapy for HCC that is typically paired with ultrasound imaging to visualize tumors and enable precise ethanol delivery. However, ethanol has the propensity to leak from the injection site and is not inherently echogenic, making biodistribution difficult to monitor. To address these limitations, we added ethyl cellulose (EC) with ethanol to form a gel that improves ethanol retention and generates an echogenic depot in tissue. We performed studies in tissue phantoms and liver tissue to characterize the acoustic profile of the EC-ethanol depots. Studies in phantoms showed that the EC-ethanol depots were 1.5x more echogenic when EC-ethanol ratios increased from 6 to 12% (p < 0.001). EC-ethanol depots in excised liver tissue and in swine liver post-mortem were acoustically discernable and generated 4 cm

Indexed as

Ablation TechniquesCarcinoma, HepatocellularCelluloseEthanolLiverLiver NeoplasmsAnimalsGelsHumansPhantoms, ImagingSwineTissue DistributionUltrasonographyCelluloseEthanolethyl celluloseGelsEthanol ablationEthyl celluloseLiver ablationUltrasound image segmentationUltrasound imaging

Identifiers

PMID40665154
PMCPMC12264171

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.