Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40664469›Full record

ArticleRMD open2025

Value of the 6 min walk test in detecting cardiopulmonary involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Saad Ahmed, Sophie I E Liem, Jacopo Ciaffi, Eva M Hoekstra, A A Schouffoer, Sytske Anne Bergstra, D Ueckert, Maarten Ninaber, Cosimo Bruni, Suzana Jordan and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in RMD open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Saad AhmedDepartment of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands s.ahmed@lumc.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-3098-0172
Sophie I E LiemDepartment of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0328-7062
Jacopo CiaffiMedicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9446-7351
Eva M HoekstraRheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
A A SchouffoerRheumatology, Haga Hospital, the Hague, The Netherlands.
Sytske Anne BergstraDepartment of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7136-5248
D UeckertPhysical Therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Maarten NinaberPulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cosimo BruniDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2813-2083
Suzana JordanDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Oliver DistlerDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-0546-8310
Tom Wj HuizingaRheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7033-7520
Hubert VliegenCardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands.
Jeska De Vries-BouwstraRheumatology C01-51, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5624-1415

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCardiopulmonary involvement (CPI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The 6 min walk test (6MWT) is widely used to assess functional capacity, but its ability to detect incident CPI remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the determinants and trajectory of 6MWT parameters over time and its diagnostic utility in identifying incident CPI in SSc.

methodsTwo large prospective SSc cohorts were analysed. Multivariable regression identified factors associated with baseline 6MWT parameters. Longitudinal changes were assessed using linear mixed models, and diagnostic accuracy for incident CPI was evaluated using predefined thresholds for a decline in 6 min walking distance (6MWD) (≥33 m) and oxygen desaturation (<95%).

resultsPatients with CPI walked 89 m less than those without (95% CI -116 to 61) and exercise-induced desaturation was more frequent in CPI (OR 17.0, 95% CI 8.7 to 33). Over time, 6MWD increased slightly by 3.0 m per year (95% CI 1.7 to 4.3). Linear mixed model analysis showed an independent association of 6MWD (-33 m, 95% CI -45 to 21) and occurrence of exercise-induced desaturation (OR 15, 95% CI 8.5 to 30) in patients with CPI. A ≥33 m decline in 6MWD had 34.7% sensitivity and 79% specificity for detecting incident CPI, while new desaturation had 10.6% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity.

conclusion6MWT parameters are associated with CPI in SSc. A stable 6MWD and absence of desaturation may help rule out CPI, but their low sensitivity suggests that 6MWT alone is insufficient for screening and should be complemented by additional diagnostic modalities.

Indexed as

Scleroderma, SystemicWalk TestAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesWalkingConnective Tissue DiseasesPhysical Therapy ModalitiesPulmonary Arterial HypertensionPulmonary FibrosisScleroderma, Systemic

Identifiers

PMID40664469
PMCPMC12265771

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.