Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40664304›Full record

ReviewTrends in cardiovascular medicine2025

Pushing the limits of LDL cholesterol: Emerging paradigms in cardiovascular risk reduction.

Dadmehr Yaghoubi, Tamer Sallam

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Dadmehr YaghoubiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for preventive Cardiology & Cardiometabolic Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tamer SallamDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for preventive Cardiology & Cardiometabolic Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: tsallam@mednet.ucla.edu.

Funding

RNA-binding proteins in atherosclerosisR01HL139549 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Tamer Sallam · 2018 to 2026
$3.3M
Licensing LncRNAs in AtherosclerosisR01HL149766 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SALLAM, TAMER · 2021 to 2024
$2.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL139549NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL149766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has long been recognized as a primary contributor to cardiovascular disease. Over time, guideline-recommended LDL-C targets have varied considerably, trending toward progressively more aggressive therapeutic goals. The focus on residual risk reduction and development of novel therapies-including PCSK9 inhibitors, siRNA-based treatments, and ANGPTL3 inhibitors-have significantly expanded the options for achieving unprecedentedly low LDL-C levels. Given the fundamental role of cholesterol in cellular function, it has been long been postulated that very low cholesterol could be associated with adverse events. In this review, we dissect the benefits and potential risks of very low LDL-C levels. We begin by providing an overview of the evolution of LDL-C targets in previous guidelines and highlighting therapies-including newer agents-used for aggressive LDL-C lowering. Drawing on clinical and genetic evidence, we then examine the benefits and risks associated with achieving very low LDL-C levels. Finally, we present a practical framework for balancing the potential risks and benefits of intensive LDL-C reduction in patient care.

Indexed as

Anticholesteremic AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLDyslipidemiasRisk Reduction BehaviorBiomarkersHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansPCSK9 InhibitorsProprotein Convertase 9Risk AssessmentTreatment OutcomeAnticholesteremic AgentsBiomarkersCholesterol, LDLPCSK9 InhibitorsPCSK9 protein, humanProprotein Convertase 9CholesterolCoronary artery diseaseLDLStatins

Identifiers

PMID40664304
PMCPMC13379061

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.