ArticleArchives of microbiology2025
Deciphering mating type and population genetic landscape of Magnaporthe population adapted to millets and rice in blast hotspots of India.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe spp. is one of the most destructive diseases affecting graminaceous hosts such as rice and millet crops worldwide. Understanding the reproductive biology and the genetic structure of the pathogen is essential for devising effective management strategies. The current study aimed to assess the mating type distribution, fertility status, DNA polymorphism, gene flow and the population structure of Magnaporthe spp. infecting millets and rice across major blast hotspots of India. Mating type-specific PCR amplification of 136 isolates targeting MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs revealed diverse reproductive strategies. Among the millet-infecting isolates (n = 127), 36.22% were male fertile, 26.77% female fertile, 17.32% hermaphroditic and 19.68% unknown. Rice infecting isolates displayed a mixed mating profile, while bajra isolates were unknown. The presence of both mating types and hermaphroditism suggests potential for sexual recombination, posing a risk of increased genetic variability and virulence. The sequence-based polymorphism analysis of 114 isolates (from finger and foxtail millet) revealed 187 segregating sites and 208 mutations, including 117 singleton sites. The population exhibited high Hd (0.982) and moderate nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0053), indicating significant genetic richness and potential for adaptive evolution. Neutrality tests Tajima's D (-2.418), Fu and Li's D* (-5.197), and F* (-4.752) were significantly negative (p < 0.02) supporting recent population expansion or purifying selection. Population differentiation analyses showed low Gst (0.0217), moderate Fst (0.0797) with high gene flow (Nm = 11.27) reflecting limited population subdivision with ongoing genetic exchange. Haplotype network analysis identified 95 unique haplotypes with most being singletons, supporting high mutational diversity. A central haplotype (Hap_39), comprising 15 isolates of different mating types represents a potential ancestral or broadly adapted lineage. Interestingly, hermaphroditic isolates predominantly clustered in a distinct clade suggesting reproductive isolation and host-specific evolutionary trajectories. AMOVA revealed that 93.27% of genetic variation existed within populations and 6.73% among populations (Φ
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