ReviewSexually transmitted diseases2025
A Narrative Review of Urine-Based Human Papillomavirus Screening: Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities to Expand Access in the United States.
Review in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical value of first-morning urine exfoliated cell HPV detection in the diagnosis of high-grade cervical lesions.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the United States, about 12,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed each year, largely due to limited screening access. Urine-based testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) offers a noninvasive, self-sampling method that could improve access to screening. We conducted a narrative review of urine-based HPV testing, focusing on diagnostic performance and feasibility.
methodsStudies were identified through PubMed using combinations of search terms including "urine," "screening," "diagnostic tests," and "HPV" from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2024. Studies reporting test performance for detecting HPV and acceptability of urine-based HPV testing compared with cervical specimens, vaginal specimens, or precancerous lesions were included. Weighted averages for sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on sample sizes.
resultsWe identified 36 studies (N = 65 to N = 1952) evaluating test performance for detecting HPV in urine specimens. When compared with cervical specimens, vaginal specimens, and CIN2+-confirmed lesions, urine-based testing demonstrated a wide range of sensitivity (44.8%-98.6%) and specificity (61%-100%). Differences in assay technology, genomic target, and clinical context contributed to the variability in findings. Regarding acceptability (n = 10 studies), studies found participants to be comfortable with urine sampling due to its ease of collection.
conclusionsUrine-based HPV testing is widely accepted but requires further standardization to improve performance and secure Food and Drug Administration approval for broader implementation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.