ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2025
Head-to-head: Anthropomorphic phantoms for evaluating the effect of skin tone on the accuracy of surface imaging systems.
Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cherenkov emission in realistic optical body phantoms to study effects of skin tone on imaging delivery technique.Physics in medicine and biology · 2025Article
- Head-to-head: Anthropomorphic phantoms for evaluating the effect of skin tone on the accuracy of surface imaging systems.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo study the localization accuracy of two commercial surface imaging (SI) systems used for intrafraction motion monitoring during stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and quantify the difference in accuracy due to skin tone.
methodsUsing a publicly available CT dataset, anthropomorphic phantoms were 3D printed using filament in four skin tones: rose tan, light brown, medium brown, and dark brown (3DUniverse, Chicago, IL, USA). Three SI systems from two vendors were utilized to measure the SI-reported offsets of the stationary phantoms in various gantry and couch configurations to create SRS-like conditions, including when the gantry obscured one camera pod. At each position, approximately 5 s of offsets were averaged to obtain the SI-reported offset.
resultsAll SI systems reported larger offsets for all phantoms at non-zero couch angles. The medium brown and dark brown phantoms showed the largest magnitudes at non-zero couch angles, increasing further when a camera pod was obstructed. For two SI systems, the position of the phantom for medium and dark brown phantoms could not be resolved at certain gantry/couch positions, and offsets up to 5 mm were reported.
conclusionCharacterization of SI systems using 3D-printed phantoms in a spectrum of skin tones can be used to determine the accuracy of SI tracking under treatment-like conditions. All SI systems showed decreased accuracy with darker skin-toned phantoms, which increased with an obstructed camera view.
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