Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40662140›Full record

ArticleAdvanced sensor research2025

Intelligent Eye Tracker Integrated with Cylindrical Capacitive Sensors for Chronic Fatigue Assessment.

Tianyi Li, Seo-Hyun Park, Changwoo Lee, Shawn Kim, Younghoon Kwon, Hojun Kim, Jae-Hyun Chung

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced sensor research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tianyi LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Seo-Hyun ParkDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea, 13601; Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University WISE campus, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 38066.
Changwoo LeeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Shawn KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Younghoon KwonCardiology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA).
Hojun KimDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea, 10326; Department of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University WISE campus, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, 38066.
Jae-Hyun ChungDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Funding

Sleep Apnea-Specific Nocturnal Blood Pressure Surge to Determine Cardiovascular Risks and Therapeutic Benefits in Patients with Obstructive Sleep ApneaR01HL158765 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KWON, YOUNGHOON · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
Photoplethysmography Analysis to Assess Cardio-Cerebrovascular Impact of SleepR21AG070576 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KWON, YOUNGHOON · 2020 to 2021
$530k
Deep learning of awake and sleep electrocardiography to identify atrial fibrillation risk in sleep apneaR21HL167126 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI AKBILGIC, OGUZ, AZARBARZIN, ALI · 2023 to 2024
$202k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158765NHLBI NIH HHS R21 HL167126NIA NIH HHS R21 AG070576
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fatigue negatively impacts health, safety, and productivity, yet current monitoring methods are often subjective, labor-intensive, and inaccurate. To address these challenges, this study presents a capacitive sensor-based eye tracker leveraging cylindrical carbon nanotube-paper composite (CCPC) sensors for chronic fatigue (CF) assessment. Fabricated by novel wet-fracture and paper-rolling methods, CCPC sensors demonstrate superior proximity sensitivity with a small form factor. These one-dimensional sensors are seamlessly integrated into an eyeglass frame for noncontact monitoring of blink rates and eye closures. A 15-minute testing protocol, combining cognitive tasks and noise exposure, is designed to induce acute fatigue and identify CF. By analyzing changes in the digital markers against established fatigue indicators, CF is assessed with the aid of machine learning models for the evaluation of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This real-time, wearable monitoring platform provides an objective, effortless, and noncontact approach to fatigue assessment. With further testing and optimization, it holds the potential for user-friendly evaluation of acute fatigue or fatigue-associated diseases, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Indexed as

Capacitive sensorChronic FatigueEye trackerFatigue assessment

Identifiers

PMID40662140
PMCPMC12259227

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.