Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40661888›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025

New measurements of digital technology use: the Immersion in Digital Life and Quality of Digital Experience scales.

Joanna Witowska, Ruth Ogden, Christine Schoetensack, Katarzyna Goncikowska, Marc Wittmann, Vanda Černohorská, Nuria Codina, Chantal Martin-Soelch, Mónica Fernández Boente, Georgina Giner and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Joanna WitowskaInstitute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland.
Ruth OgdenSchool of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Christine SchoetensackSchool of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Katarzyna GoncikowskaInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Marc WittmannInstitute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany.
Vanda ČernohorskáInstitute of Philosophy, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Nuria CodinaDepartment of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Chantal Martin-SoelchClinical and Health Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Mónica Fernández BoenteClinical and Health Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Georgina GinerDepartment of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
José V PestanaDepartment of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Julie PapastamatelouInstitute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Current methods of assessing digital technology use fail to adequately capture a holistic picture of how individuals experience digital technology during daily life. This is because current measures focus on measuring the frequency/duration of specific forms of technology use Methods: The measured constructs were specified via bottom-up analysis of an international qualitative study (N=300) on post-covid digital practices. Across three studies we developed and validated the measures using data from 2227 participants. Results: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses indicated that the Quality of Digital Experience Scale contains 26 items, measuring individuals' perceptions and overall experience of digital technology usage and its impact on Well-being, Time and Efficiency, and Social Connectedness. The second scale, the Immersion in Digital Life Scale consists of five separate questions concerning individuals' estimation of how much digital technology is present in different areas of life. Discussion: The scales offer reliable measurements of individuals' interactions with technology in the digital era. Their ability to capture engagement beyond frequency and duration will facilitate greater understanding of the complexities of the positive and negative impacts of digital practices on individuals and societies.

Indexed as

digital experiencedigital technologyimmersionmeasurementsscale development

Identifiers

PMID40661888
PMCPMC12257311

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.