ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting diabetic foot ulcer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting diabetic foot in type 2 diabetes.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Establishment and evaluation of a novel tool based on inflammation-nutrition derived biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram for Wagner grade≥2 diabetic foot ulcers in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Development and external validation of machine-learning based models to predict diabetic foot ulcer in diabetes population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To identify the risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to develop and validate a nomogram prediction model for DFU occurrence in primary care setting. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study enrolling 547 T2DM patients hospitalized at The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang from January 2019 to April 2022. Patients were randomly divided (3:1) into modeling (n = 411) and validation (n = 136) cohorts, and further stratified by DFU status. Thirty-four clinical variables were extracted for analysis. LASSO regression with tenfold cross-validation identified key features, followed by multivariate logistic regression to determine independent DFU risk factors. A nomogram model was developed using R software, and its performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Among 547 T2DM patients, 150 (27.4%) developed DFU. Multivariate analysis identified seven independent risk factors: age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.032, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.005-1.062, Conclusions: The nomogram prediction model developed in this study demonstrates excellent performance and strong clinical applicability. It provides an effective tool to identify high-risk T2DM patients for DFU and guide early preventive interventions.
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