Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40661217›Full record

ReviewRSC advances2025

Small-molecule strategies to combat antibiotic resistance: mechanisms, modifications, and contemporary approaches.

Hazem Elkady, Ibtehal Nasser Salman, Mohamed M Khalifa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Reversal of tetracycline resistance by clove and peony extracts in a multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Old drugs, new weapons: current trends in repurposing therapies against antimicrobial resistance.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hazem ElkadyPharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt hazemelkady@azhar.edu.eg MohamedKhalifa2321.el@azhar.edu.eg.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0893-6703
Ibtehal Nasser SalmanDepartment of Pharmacy, Alamal College for Specialized Medical Sciences Karbala 56001 Iraq ibtihal.naseer@alamal.edu.iq.
Mohamed M KhalifaPharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt hazemelkady@azhar.edu.eg MohamedKhalifa2321.el@azhar.edu.eg.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-993X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance poses a formidable threat to human health, representing a critical challenge that demands urgent attention. Without decisive feat, we confront the alarming prospect of a world where effective antibiotics are no longer available. Bacteria employ various mechanisms to elude antibiotics, including modifying antibiotic targets, utilizing efflux pumps to avoid antibiotics, and inactivating antibiotics. This review focuses on small-molecule-based approaches to overcoming resistance, with emphasis on chemical adjuvants (such as β-lactamase inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors, and membrane permeabilizers), synergistic combination therapies, repurposed non-antibiotic drugs, and structural modifications of known antibiotics like ciprofloxacin. We critically analyze structure-activity relationships (SAR), biochemical mechanisms, and clinical barriers associated with each strategy. By addressing antibiotic resistance, we aim to fortify our ability to combat bacterial infections effectively and sustain the efficacy of existing antibiotics in the face of evolving resistance.

Identifiers

PMID40661217
PMCPMC12257102

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.