ArticleEplasty2025
Surgical Management of Biopolymer Induced Granulomatous Hypercalcemia and Renal Insufficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Article in Eplasty, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Volumetric enhancement is a key component of body contouring, with injections of natural or synthetic biopolymers being one of the most common methods used. Biopolymers, however, are associated with both acute and chronic complications including the risk of granulomatosis and hypercalcemia. Unrecognized and untreated, biopolymer-induced granulomatous hypercalcemia can lead to renal failure, metastatic calcifications, and death. Medical management is the primary treatment for biopolymer-induced granulomatous hypercalcemia, with corticosteroids and other drugs targeting calcium metabolism and immunomodulation. In cases refractory to medical management, surgical excision of biopolymer granulomatous tissue can normalize serum calcium and improve renal function. This case report of 2 patients and literature review of 4 patients investigates the rare surgical management of patients with biopolymer-induced granulomatous hypercalcemia, the morbidity of such a procedure, and adjunctive techniques that may be utilized to facilitate biopolymer removal and reduce complications.
Identifiers
40661092PMC12257967What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.