Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40660660›Full record

ArticleVaccine2025

Effectiveness of 2023-2024 seasonal influenza vaccine against influenza-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters among pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive age.

Emily L Reeves, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Nicola P Klein, Sara Y Tartof, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong, Sarah W Ball, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Tamara Sheffield and 34 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Emily L ReevesNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: qpd2@cdc.gov.
Kristin DascombDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Stephanie A IrvingKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Nicola P KleinKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Sara Y TartofDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Shaun J GrannisCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Toan C OngSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Sarah W BallWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Gabriela Vazquez-BenitezHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Tamara SheffieldDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Daniel BrideDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Julie ArndorferDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Joshua Van OtterlooDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Allison L NalewayKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Padma KoppoluKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Ousseny ZerboKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Karen B JacobsonKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Bruce H FiremanKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
John R HansenKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Lawrence BlockKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
S Bianca SalasDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Cassandra BeziDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Lina S SyDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Iris Anne C ReyesDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Brian E DixonCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
William F FadelCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Colin RogersonCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Tom DuszynskiFairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
David MayerSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Catia ChavezSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Michelle A BarronSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Zachary A WeberWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Duck-Hye YangWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Angela CheungWestat, Rockville, MD, USA.
Amanda B PayneNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ruth Link-GellesNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA.
Katherine AdamsNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Varsha NeelamNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Malini B DeSilvaHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Karthik NatarajanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York, USA.
Mark W TenfordeNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jennifer DeCuirNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA.
Sascha EllingtonNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Samantha M OlsonNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza vaccination is particularly important for pregnant women. Using a test-negative, case-control design, we estimated the effectiveness of 2023-2024 seasonal influenza vaccination against influenza-associated emergency department and urgent care (ED/UC) encounters among pregnant and non-pregnant women of reproductive age using data from seven healthcare systems. Eligible encounters were among individuals aged 18-49 years with documented female sex. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by comparing the odds of vaccination among influenza-positive cases versus influenza-negative controls, adjusting for site, age, race/ethnicity, calendar time, and gestational age at encounter (in pregnant women). Among pregnant women (N = 3539), VE against influenza-associated ED/UC encounters was 46 % (95 % CI: 36-55) and did not differ by gestational age at vaccination. Among non-pregnant women (N = 57,709), VE against influenza-associated ED/UC encounters was 54 % (95 % CI: 51-56). Influenza vaccination during the 2023-2024 season was similarly effective in both pregnant and non-pregnant women and by timing of vaccine receipt during pregnancy.

Indexed as

Ambulatory CareEmergency Service, HospitalInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesPregnancy Complications, InfectiousVaccine EfficacyAdolescentAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPregnancySeasonsVaccinationYoung AdultInfluenza VaccinesInfluenzaPregnancyVaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID40660660
PMCPMC12305427

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.